Polarity of Molecule
The molecule Phenol is polar, meaning that it has an uneven distribution of electron charges. The molecule if polar because the Oxygen at the top of the molecule has two pair of unshared electrons, making that end with more negative charge than positive. This counteracts the rest of the Hydrogens in the molecule which are positive, and whose charges are equally distributed.
Intermolecular forces if Phenol is attracted to another molecule of Phenol
When the molecule Phenol, is attracted to another molecule of Phenol it has 2 different types of forces acting on it. Intermolecular forces is an attraction that exists between the molecules that act whether it is a solid, liquid, or a gas at room temperature. These forces also may potentially affect how the molecule bonds with other molecules.
London Dispersion - Is a force that occurs when the electrons are moving, and occurs in all molecules. This force created a temporary uneven distribution of electrons and forms a temporary dipole. This means that the molecule is positive at one end and positive at the other.
Dipole Dipole - Is an attractive force between two polar molecules, which causes an electrostatic force from positive (Hydrogen) to negative (Oxygen).
Bonding
Phenol when it is attracted to itself as drawn in the picture above forms a special Hydrogen Bond.
Hydrogen Bond - A Hydrogen bond creates a temporary covalent bond between Hydrogen and Oxygen.
